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Medical glossary

227 words and abbreviations, explained without jargon. Every one of them also appears inside our articles — hover or tap the dotted underline and the definition comes to you, so you never have to leave what you were reading.

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MalignantCancerousMalignant describes a growth that can invade the tissue around it and spread to other parts of the body. It is the opposite of benign, which stays where it started.
ManiaManic episode, ManicA period of abnormally high or irritable mood with greatly increased energy, little need for sleep, racing thoughts and risky behaviour, lasting a week or more. It defines bipolar I disorder.
Metabolic syndrome

Syndrome X, Insulin resistance syndrome

A cluster of findings — abdominal weight, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and abnormal cholesterol — that together sharply raise the risk of diabetes and heart disease.

MetabolismMetabolic rateMetabolism is the whole set of chemical reactions a body uses to turn food into energy, build tissue and clear waste. It runs constantly, and most of it happens whether a person is active or asleep.

MetforminGlucophageThe usual first tablet for type 2 diabetes. It lowers the sugar the liver releases and helps the body respond to its own insulin.

MicroalbuminuriaModerately increased albuminuria, Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, ACRSmall amounts of the protein albumin leaking into urine — the earliest detectable sign that diabetes is affecting the kidneys.

MigraineMigraine headacheMigraine is a neurological condition causing attacks of headache that are typically one-sided and throbbing, often with nausea and a strong dislike of light and sound. It is not simply a severe headache — the attack has a recognisable pattern.

MindfulnessMindfulness meditation, MBCT, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapyPaying deliberate, non-judging attention to the present moment — breathing, body, surroundings, and thoughts as they come and go. It is a skill used in several therapies and for everyday stress.

Mood stabiliserMood stabilizer, Mood stabilisersMedicines taken long term to prevent the extreme highs (mania) and lows of bipolar disorder and keep mood steadier. Lithium and sodium valproate are the best known.

Motivational interviewingMIA collaborative style of conversation that helps a person resolve mixed feelings about changing a behaviour — such as smoking, drinking or drug use — by drawing out their own reasons to change.

MRIMagnetic resonance imagingAn MRI scan uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to build detailed images of soft tissue. It involves no X-rays and no radiation.

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Health, explained plainly. Written for Pakistan and checked by the clinic’s doctors before it is published.

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