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Medical glossary

227 words and abbreviations, explained without jargon. Every one of them also appears inside our articles — hover or tap the dotted underline and the definition comes to you, so you never have to leave what you were reading.

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Eating disorderEating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, BulimiaA mental health condition in which a person uses control of food, eating or weight to cope with feelings. Eating disorders can seriously harm the body and are treatable.
ECGEKG, Electrocardiogram, Heart tracingAn ECG records the heart's electrical activity through stickers placed on the chest and limbs, printing it as a tracing. It takes a few minutes, is painless and involves no radiation, and it is the first test in chest pain, palpitations and blackouts.
Echocardiogram

Echo, Cardiac ultrasound, 2D echo

An echocardiogram is an ultrasound scan of the heart that shows the chambers and valves moving in real time and measures how strongly the heart pumps. It uses sound waves only, with no radiation and no injection in the standard test.

EczemaAtopic dermatitis, Dermatitis, Khujli wali khushkiEczema is a long-term condition in which the skin barrier is weak and inflamed, leaving skin dry, itchy and prone to red, cracked or weeping patches. It runs in families alongside asthma and hay fever, and it is controlled rather than cured.

ElectrolyteSerum electrolytes, Salts, RFT saltsElectrolytes are the dissolved salts in blood and body fluid — sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium — that carry the electrical charges nerves and muscles depend on. Even small departures from the normal range can cause serious symptoms.

EMDREye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessingEye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: a structured trauma therapy in which you recall distressing memories while doing side-to-side eye movements, so the memories become less intense.

Emotional intelligenceEI, EQ, Emotional quotientThe ability to recognise, understand and manage your own emotions and to read other people's. It is a real, measurable skill that can improve with practice, though popular claims about it are often inflated.

Emotional regulationEmotion regulation, Emotional dysregulation, Managing emotionsThe ability to notice, understand and manage emotions — how strongly they are felt, how long they last and how they are expressed — so they do not take over. It is a skill that can be learned.

EndoscopyGastroscopy, Upper GI endoscopy, Camera testAn endoscopy is an examination of the inside of the body with a thin flexible tube carrying a camera and a light. The commonest kind passes through the mouth to look at the food pipe, stomach and the first part of the small intestine.

EpidemicOutbreak, WabaaAn epidemic is a rise in cases of a disease clearly above what is normally expected in a place and a period. It is a statement about a rate rather than a number, which is why ten cases can be an epidemic and ten thousand can be ordinary.

Executive functionExecutive functions, Executive functioning, Executive dysfunctionThe mental skills that let us plan, focus, hold instructions in mind, switch between tasks and control impulses — the brain's air traffic control. Difficulties are central to ADHD.

Exposure therapyGraded exposure, Exposure and response prevention, ERPA therapy in which you face feared situations, objects, sensations or memories gradually and safely until the fear fades. It is the core treatment for phobias and part of therapy for OCD, panic and PTSD.

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Health, explained plainly. Written for Pakistan and checked by the clinic’s doctors before it is published.

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