Self-esteemSelf esteem, Self-worthThe overall opinion you hold of your own worth. Low self-esteem is common and can change; it is not a diagnosis, though it often travels with depression and anxiety.
Imposter syndrome
Also known as Impostor syndrome, Impostor phenomenon, Imposter phenomenon, Feeling like a fraud
The persistent feeling that you are a fraud who does not deserve your success and will soon be found out, despite evidence that you are capable. It is common and it is not a diagnosis.
In Psychology
Imposter syndrome is the nagging belief that you are not as capable as others think, that your successes came from luck or from others being fooled, and that you will soon be exposed. Psychologists Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes first described the impostor phenomenon in 1978 among high-achieving women; it has since been found in men and women, students and professionals alike.
It is not a psychiatric diagnosis and appears in neither DSM nor ICD. A 2020 systematic review found reported rates ranging from 9% to 82% depending on the questionnaire used, and linked it to , and . It also found that no treatment had yet been properly tested.
Talking about it openly, keeping a record of real feedback and achievements, and separating feelings from facts can help. If it comes with persistent low mood or anxiety, get those treated. Read more on imposter syndrome.
Related terms
- BurnoutBurn-out, Occupational burnoutA state of exhaustion, cynicism and reduced effectiveness caused by long-term workplace stress that has not been managed. WHO calls it an occupational phenomenon, not a medical condition.
- Cognitive distortionCognitive distortions, Thinking errorsA habitual, inaccurate way of reading events — such as all-or-nothing thinking or mind reading — that makes things seem worse than they are. Spotting them is central to CBT.
- Anxiety disorderAnxiety disorders, AnxietyWorry or fear that is stronger than the situation calls for, lasts for weeks or months, and gets in the way of daily life. Anxiety disorders are common and treatable.